Infectious diseases remains the leading cause for medical consultation and hospital admissions in India. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites cause infectious diseases. Fever is a common clinical symptom in children.

The underlying infectious disorder causing fever in children can range from mild and self-limiting illness such as upper respiratory tract infection to more serious viral and bacterial illnesses. It is important to Distinguish between the benign self-limiting illness that is manageable at home and those that require hospitalization. Many infectious diseases which are common in children are quite rare in adults.